The Three Arms of Government and Separation of Powers

The Three Arms of Government

Modern government is divided into three arms so that no single group holds all the power. This is called the separation of powers.

The Legislature

Makes laws for the country. In Nigeria, this is the National Assembly (Senate and House of Representatives) at the federal level, and the House of Assembly at state level.

The Executive

Implements and enforces the laws made by the legislature. It is headed by the President (federal) or Governor (state), along with ministers/commissioners and civil servants.

The Judiciary

Interprets the laws and settles disputes, ensuring justice is done. It includes the Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, High Courts and other courts.

Checks and Balances

Each arm has powers to check the others, preventing abuse of power. For example, the legislature can impeach the executive, and the judiciary can declare a law unconstitutional.

Why Separation of Powers Matters

It protects citizens from tyranny, promotes accountability, and ensures efficient governance through specialisation.