Fundamental Human Rights: Meaning, Types and Limitations

What Are Fundamental Human Rights?

Fundamental human rights are the basic entitlements every person has simply because they are human, guaranteed and protected by a country's constitution.

Examples of Fundamental Rights (Nigerian Constitution)

• Right to life
• Right to dignity of the human person (freedom from torture)
• Right to personal liberty
• Right to fair hearing
• Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
• Freedom of expression and the press
• Right to freedom of movement
• Right to own property

Importance of Human Rights

They protect citizens from abuse by the state or by others, promote human dignity, and are essential for democracy and justice to thrive.

Limitations on Rights

Rights are not absolute; they can be limited by law in the interest of public safety, public order, public health, or the rights of other people. For example, freedom of movement can be restricted during a state of emergency.

Enforcing Human Rights

Citizens whose rights are violated can seek redress in court, and bodies like the National Human Rights Commission also help protect these rights.